Recomendaciones para el diagnóstico y tratamiento de la urticaria en pediatría / Recommendations for the diagnosis and treatment of urticaria in children

La urticaria es una de las afecciones cutáneas más comunes en niños. Se define urticaria aguda cuando persiste hasta 6 semanas, y crónica, cuando la duración es mayor. Afecta al 25 % de la población. La forma aguda es la más frecuente. La crónica representa el 0,1 %, con mayor predominio en mujeres (el 60 %). Se subdivide en urticaria crónica inducible cuando hay un desencadenante externo específico y urticaria crónica espontánea si este no está presente.Aunque la fisiopatología es compleja, la degranulación del mastocito se considera un evento clave. Los antihistamínicos anti-H1 de segunda generación son la primera línea de tratamiento tanto en la urticaria aguda como en la crónica. En pacientes no respondedores, se considerarán otras terapias.Se hará énfasis en urticaria crónica dada la dificultad en su diagnóstico, el aumento de su prevalencia y la gran afectación que produce en la calidad de vida de los niños.

Urticaria is one of the most common skin disorders in children. We define acute urticaria when it persists for less than 6 weeks, and chronic urticaria (CU), when it persists longer. Urticaria affects 25 % of the population; in most cases, it is acute urticaria. CU represents 0.1 %, with higher prevalence in women (60 %). CU is subclassified in chronic inducible urticaria when there is a specific external trigger and chronic spontaneous urticaria if it is not present.Although the pathophysiology is complex, mast cell degranulation is recognized as a key event. Second-generation H1 antihistamines are the first line of treatment in both, acute urticaria and CU. In unresponsive patients, other therapies will be considered.We will emphasize in CU due to the difficulty in its diagnosis, the increase in its prevalence and the severe impairment it causes in children ́s quality of life.

Mastocitosis cutánea: reporte de un caso / Cutaneous mastocytosis: A case report

Introducción La mastocitosis representa un grupo de enfermedades caracterizadas por una acumulación excesiva de mastocitos en uno o múltiples tejidos. Puede limitarse a la piel o tener un compromiso sistémico, siendo de baja prevalencia y pronóstico benigno en la infancia. Objetivo Reportar un caso de urticaria pigmentosa como subtipo de mastocitosis cutánea y hacer una revisión bibliográfica enfocada en los hallazgos clínicos, el diagnóstico y el manejo inicial básico. Caso clínico Lactante de 6 meses de edad con múltiples máculas y pápulas de color café claro localizadas en el tronco, los brazos y las piernas, cuadro compatible con una urticaria pigmentosa, confirmada mediante biopsia. Se solicitaron exámenes para descartar compromiso sistémico. La paciente fue tratada con medidas generales, educación y antihistamínicos, con excelente evolución. Conclusiones La mastocitosis cutánea es una enfermedad poco común, de buen pronóstico. En la infancia generalmente bastan las medidas generales y educación para obtener resultados favorables. La terapia farmacológica de primera línea son los antagonistas H1.

Introduction Mastocytosis represents a group of diseases characterised by an excesive accumulation of mastocytes in one or multiple tissues. It can affect only the skin, or have a systemic involvement. It has a low prevalence, and the prognosis is benign in children. Objective To report a case of urticaria pigmentosa as a subtype of cutaneous mastocytosis, and present a literature review focused on clinical findings, diagnosis and initial basic management. Clinical case A child of six months of age presenting with multiple blemishes and light brown papules located on the trunk, arms and legs. The symptoms were compatible with urticaria pigmentosa, and was confirmed by biopsy. Tests to rule out systemic involvement were requested. The patient was treated with general measures, education, and antihistamines, with favourable results. Conclusions Cutaneous mastocytosis is a rare disease with a good prognosis. In childhood general measures and education are usually enough to obtain favourable results. Histamine H1 antagonists are the first line drug treatment.

Epidemiology of angioedema without wheals in an allergy and immunology center

We describe the diagnostic epidemiology, the clinical course, the family history and the response to treatment of patients with angioedema without wheals (AWW) at an Allergy and Immunology Clinical Center. We reviewed the case records of all patients at our office from January 1997 to April 2013. We recorded sex, age, age at onset of symptoms, family history of angioedema, number of visits to the office, type of angioedema, and response to treatment from those patients with angioedema without wheals. We classified angioedema according to its pathophysiology. We also describe those patients with angioedema mimics. From a total of 17 823 new patients, 303 had a presumptive diagnosis of angioedema without wheals. Twenty-three patients had an angioedema mimic. Forty percent were male and 60% were female. Average age at first visit was 40.6. Average number of visits was 2.4. Fifty-seven patients referred a family history. We attributed idiopathic angioedema to 55.7% of patients, 24.3% were drug related, 15.7% were due to C1 inhibitor deficiency, 2.1% were drug related + idiopathic angioedema, 1.4% were type III and 0.7% had exercise-induced angioedema. Ninety six percent of 53 evaluable idiopathic angioedema patients referred a benefit with anti-histamine therapy. AWW was a rare cause of consultation. Most of our patients had anti H1 responsive idiopathic angioedema and none had allergic angioedema. Women cases prevailed over men´s. Family history and average age of onset of symptoms were different among the different types of angioedema.

Describimos la epidemiología, historia clínica, antecedentes familiares y respuesta al tratamiento de los pacientes consultando por angioedema sin urticaria en nuestra clínica especializada en Alergia e Inmunología. Revisamos retrospectivamente todas las historias clínicas de nuestro consultorio entre enero de 1997 y abril de 2013. Seleccionamos aquellos pacientes que habían consultado por angioedema sin urticaria y registramos el sexo, edad, edad de comienzo de síntomas, antecedentes familiares de angioedema, número de consultas, tipo de angioedema y respuesta al tratamiento. Clasificamos el angioedema de acuerdo a su fisiopatología. Describimos también los diagnósticos diferenciales que encontramos. De un total de 17 823 pacientes, 303 consultaron por angioedema sin ronchas. Veintitrés presentaban un diagnóstico alternativo. El 40% eran hombres y el 60% mujeres. La edad promedio de la primera visita fue 40.6 años. El promedio de consultas fue 2.4. Cincuenta y siete refirieron antecedentes familiares. El 55.7% fue clasificado como angioedema idiopático, el 24.3% secundario a drogas, el 15.7% secundario a deficiencia del inhibidor C1, 2.1% por drogas + idiopático, 1.4% angioedema tipo III y 0.71% asociado al ejercicio. Noventa y seis por ciento de 53 pacientes evaluables con angioedema idiopático se beneficiaron con antihistamínicos. El angioedema sin urticaria fue una causa rara de consultas. Las mujeres prevalecieron sobre los hombres. Los antecedentes familiares y la edad de comienzo de síntomas variaron de acuerdo al tipo de angioedema.

Efeito analgésico de antagonistas do receptor da histamina H1 em modelo de dor provocada por formalina em ratos / Efecto analgésico de antagonistas del receptor de la histamina H1 en un modelo de dolor provocado por formalina en ratones / Analgesic effects of H1 receptor antagonists in the rat model of formalin-induced pain

JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: Os receptores de histamina mediam vias nociceptivas principalmente no sistema nervoso central. Alguns estudos mostraram efeito analgésico de antagonistas de receptor de histamina no sistema nervoso periférico. Não está claro se o efeito analgésico local é classe específico ou droga específico. MÉTODO: Para responder a essa questão, utilizamos três diferentes antagonistas do receptor H1 (pirilamina, prometazina e cetirizina) administrados diretamente na pata do rato, pela via intraperitoneal ou por bloqueio de nervo periférico em modelo de dor induzida por formalina. Observamos o efeito das drogas no comportamento do número de elevações da pata. RESULTADOS: Na fase I, a pirilamina local diminuiu o número de elevações da pata de forma dose-dependente. Na dose mais alta, a diminuição foi de 97,8 por cento. Para a prometazina, a diminuição foi de 92 por cento e para cetizirina, 23,9 por cento. Na fase II, a pirilamina diminuiu o número de elevações da pata em 93,5 por cento, a prometazina em 78,2 por cento e a cetirizina em 80,1 por cento. A administração dos fármacos por via intraperitoneal não alterou o comportamento doloroso. Quando utilizadas para bloqueio de nervo periférico, na fase I, a pirilamina diminuiu o número de elevações da pata em 96,7 por cento, a prometazina em 73,3 por cento e a cetirizina em 23,9 por cento. Na fase II, a pirilamina levou à diminuição de 86,6 por cento, a prometazina de 64,4 por cento e a cetirizina de 19,9 por cento. CONCLUSÕES: Os resultados mostraram que os antagonistas de receptor da histamina H1 apresentam efeitos analgésicos locais, diferentes do efeito sistêmico, sendo um deles anti-inflamatório e classe específico e o outro específico para prometazina e pirilamina, semelhante a efeito clínico anestésico local.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Histamine receptors mediate nociceptive pathways, especially in the central nervous system. Some studies have demonstrated the analgesic effects of histamine receptor antagonists in the peripheral nervous system. It is not clear whether the local analgesic effect is class-specific or drug-specific. METHODS: To answer this question, we used three different H1 receptor antagonists (pyrilamine, promethazine, and cetirizine) administered directly in the paw of the rat, intraperitoneally, or in peripheral nerve blockade in the formalin-induced pain model. The effects of the drugs on the number of paw elevations were observed. RESULTS: In phase I, the local administration of pyrilamine caused a dose-dependent reduction on the number of paw elevations; in the highest dose, the number of paw elevations was reduced by 97.8 percent. Promethazine decreased it by 92 percent, while cetirizine decreased by 23.9 percent. In phase II, pyrilamine decreased the number of paw elevations by 93.5 percent, promethazine by 78.2 percent, and cetirizine by 80.1 percent. Intraperitoneal administration of drugs did not change painful behavior. When used in peripheral nerve block, in phase I pyrilamine reduced the number of paw elevations by 96.7 percent, promethazine by 73.3 percent, and cetirizine by 23.9 percent. In phase II, pyrilamine reduced the number of paw elevations by 86.6 percent, promethazine by 64.4 percent, and cetirizine by 19.9 percent. CONCLUSIONS: The results demonstrate that H1 receptor antagonists have local analgesic effects, different from the systemic effects, one of them an anti-inflammatory and class-specific effect and the other similarly to the local anesthetic effect, specific for promethazine and pyrilamine

JUSTIFICATIVA Y OBJETIVOS: Los receptores de histamina intermedian las vías nociceptivas, principalmente en el sistema nervioso central. Algunos estudios arrojaron un efecto analgésico de antagonistas de receptor de histamina en el sistema nervioso periférico. No queda claro si el efecto analgésico local es de clase específico o un fármaco específico. MÉTODO: Para responder a esa pregunta, utilizamos tres diferentes antagonistas del receptor H1 (pirilamina, prometazina y cetirizina), administrados directamente en la pata del ratón, por vía intraperitoneal o por bloqueo de nervio periférico en modelo de dolor inducido por formalina. Observamos el efecto de los fármacos en el comportamiento del número de elevaciones de la pata. RESULTADOS: En la fase I, la pirilamina local redujo el número de elevaciones de la pata de forma dosis dependiente. En la dosis más alta, la reducción fue de un 97,8 por ciento. Para la prometazina, la disminución fue de un 92 por ciento y para la cetizirina de 23.9 por ciento. En la fase II, la pirilamina redujo el número de elevaciones de la pata en un 93,5 por ciento, la prometazina, un 78,2 por ciento y la cetirizina un 80,1 por ciento. La administración de los fármacos por vía intraperitoneal no alteró el comportamiento doloroso. Cuando se usaron para bloqueo del nervio periférico en la fase I, la pirilamina redujo el número de elevaciones de la pata en un 96,7 por ciento, la prometazina en un 73,3 por ciento y la cetirizina en un 23,9 por ciento. En la fase II, la pirilamina redujo un 86,6 por ciento, la prometazina un 64,4 por ciento y la cetirizina un 19,9 por ciento. CONCLUSIONES: Los resultados mostraron que los antagonistas del receptor de la histamina H1 presentaron efectos analgésicos locales, diferentes del efecto sistémico, siendo uno de ellos antiinflamatorio y clase específico, y el otro específico para la prometazina y la pirilamina, parecido con el efecto clínico anestésico local.

Anaphylaxis in an emergency department: a 2-year study in a tertiary-care hospital.

The aim of this study was to estimate the incidence of anaphylaxis in the emergency department of a tertiary-care hospital, describe the clinical features and the management of the patients and determine those with mild manifestations. A retrospective study was conducted from 2005 to 2006 using anaphylaxis-related ICD-10 terms. Two different sets of criteria for the diagnosis of anaphylaxis were applied, first the criteria previously accepted by emergency practice, followed by the recent criteria set forth at the 2005 international meeting. Sixty-four patients fulfilled the previous criteria with an average incidence of 52.5 per 100,000 patients per year with a shift towards females in 2006. The most common presentations were cutaneous, followed by respiratory symptoms. Food allergy was the most common cause, especially prawn. After applying the recent criteria, 13 patients (20.4%) were excluded, which reduced the incidence to 42.2 per 100,000 patients per year. Long term follow up is suggested for the possible or mild cases that were re-categorized.

Anaphylaxis: lesson learned from five cases.

Anaphylaxis is a severe hypersensitivity reaction. Its clinical manifestations vary, affecting several organs at once. Skin symptom is the most frequent manifestation; however, diagnosis of anaphylaxis will only be established when involving one or both vital organs, which are cardiovascular and respiratory system. Other symptom, such as that involving central nervous system or gastrointestinal tract, may accompany. We present five cases of anaphylaxis which vary in onset of symptoms, allergen, degree of severity, therapeutic response and clinical manifestation. Anaphylactic reaction to drugs in these cases is mainly manifested as anaphylactic shock and reaction to food allergen causing obstruction of respiratory tract. Four anaphylactic events occurred at home and only one occurred in a hospital, thus education on anaphylaxis to general community is very important, especially for the patients and their families. Prompt medical assistance in patients with anaphylactic symptoms determines their therapeutic response. Skin test prior to administration of cephalosporin does not give negative predictive value toward anaphylactic event.

Acquired Blaschkoid dermatitis.

Acquired Blaschkoid dermatitis characterised by unilateral relapsing inflammatory disease along the lines of Blaschko. A 40-year-old Indian male presented with unilateral erythematous, itchy grouped papules on the left side of the chest, abdomen, back and left arm of 15 days duration. The eruption stopped abruptly at the midline of the torso, completely sparing the right side of the body. The lesions were arranged in whorls and streaks corresponding to the lines of Blaschko. Skin biopsy showed hyperkeratosis and features suggestive of sub-acute spongiotic dermatitis with lymphocytic infiltrate around the blood vessels in the dermis. Patient was diagnosed as a case of Blaschkoid dermatitis. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case of this condition being reported from India.

Descrição de um surto de lepidopterismo (dermatite associada ao contato com mariposas) entre marinheiros, ocorrido em Salvador, Estado da Bahia / Description of an outbreak of lepidopterism (dermatitis associated with contact with moths) among sailors in Salvador, State of Bahia

A ocorrência uma dermatite pápulo-pruriginosa em toda a tripulação de um navio comercial filipino em Salvador, BA, foi associada ao contato com mariposas do gênero Hylesia. Esta enfermidade insólita é causada por cerdas corporais das mariposas (flechettes). O relato dos casos serve como alerta para possíveis situações semelhantes.

An occurrence of pruritic papular dermatitis among the whole crew of a Filipino commercial ship in Salvador, State of Bahia, was associated with contact with Hylesia moths. This unusual type of dermatitis is caused by the bristles (flechettes) on the moths' bodies. Reporting on such cases serves to warn about possible similar situations.

Evaluation of a new premedication protocol for administration of equine rabies immunoglobulin in patients with hypersensitivity.

OBJECTIVES: The present study was undertaken to standardize skin testing and to develop a safe and effective premedication protocol for administration of ERIG in those with skin test positivity/hypersensitivity. METHODS: A method of grading of skin testing was developed using injection histamine as a positive control. This was evaluated by using it on 517 subjects who had severe (WHO category III) exposure to rabies. A premedication protocol consisting of injections pheniramine, ranitidine, hydrocortisone and adrenaline was evaluated by using it on fifty one subjects who were skin test positive/hypersensitive to ERIG. RESULTS: The premedication protocol was safe and effective as all the S1 subjects could be administered the full dose of ERIG despite being skin test positive/hypersensitive to ERIG. Besides the premedication drugs/protocol did not affect the immune response to vaccine and ERIG therapy.

Otimizando o componente farmacológico da terapia integrada da vertigem / Optimizing the pharmacological component of integrated balance therapy

A farmacoterapia é opção importante no tratamento das vestibulopatias periféricas. OBJETIVO: Identificar a medicação que otimiza a terapia integrada da vertigem (TIV) na doença de Ménière e em outras vestibulopatias periféricas. MATERIAL E MÉTODO: Estudo de casos em que pacientes com doença de Ménière ou outras vestibulopatias periféricas receberam TIV com betaistina, cinarizina, clonazepam, flunarizina, Ginkgo biloba ou sem medicação durante 120 dias. RESULTADOS: Na doença de Ménière, TIV com qualquer um dos medicamentos foi mais eficaz do que TIV sem medicação, após 60 dias; a betaistina foi mais efetiva que todas as outras drogas, após 60 e 120 dias. Nas outras vestibulopatias periféricas, diferenças significantes foram observadas entre TIV com betaistina, cinarizina, clonazepam ou flunarizina e TIV sem medicação após 60 dias e todas as drogas foram mais efetivas que TIV sem medicação após 120 dias; betaistina, cinarizina ou clonazepam foram igualmente efetivos e betaistina foi mais efetiva que flunarizina e Ginkgo biloba. Os tratamentos foram bem tolerados. CONCLUSÕES: TIV incluindo medicação é mais efetiva que sem medicação na doença de Ménière ou em outras vestibulopatias periféricas. Betaistina foi o medicamento mais efetivo na doença de Ménière e tão eficaz quanto cinarizina ou clonazepam em outras vestibulopatias periféricas.

Drug treatment is an important option for the treatment of peripheral vestibular diseases. AIM: To identify the drug component associated with optimal integrated balance therapy (IBT) for MénièreÆs disease or other peripheral vestibular disorders. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Analysis of a series of patients with MénièreÆs disease patients or patients with other peripheral vestibular disorders that received IBT involving either no medication or betahistine, cinnarizine, clonazepam, flunarizine or Ginkgo biloba during 120 days. RESULTS: In MénièreÆs disease, significant differences were observed for all drug therapies (60 days) versus no medication; betahistine was significantly more effective than all other drugs at 60 and 120 days. For non-MénièreÆs disorders, significant differences were observed among betahistine, cinnarizine, clonazepam and flunarizine and no medication after 60 days; all drug therapies were significantly more effective than no medication after 120 days; betahistine, cinnarizine or clonazepam were equally effective and betahistine was more effective than flunarizine and EGb 761. All treatment options were well tolerated. CONCLUSIONS: Drug therapies were more effective than no medication in the IBT for patients with MénièreÆs disease or other peripheral vestibular disorders. Betahistine was the most effective medication for patients with MénièreÆs disease and was as effective as cinnarizine and clonazepam for other peripheral vestibular disorders.

Acquired Perforating Dermatosis in Patients with Chronic Renal Failure and Diabetes Mellitus

Acquired perforating dermatosis (APD) is a skin disorder occurring in the patients with chronic renal failure (CRF), diabetes mellitus (DM) or both. The purpose of this study was to clarify the clinical and histopathological features of APD, and evaluate role of scratching in the pathogenesis of APD. Twelves patients with APD associated with CRF and DM were enrolled in the study. In six patients who required hemodialysis, the lesions appeared 2-5 yr (mean 3 yr) after the initiation of dialysis, 18-22 yr (mean 19.3 yr) after the occurrence of DM. The other patients who did not receive hemodialysis noted the lesions 4-17 yr (mean 9.5 yr) after the onset of DM. All patients had an eruption of generally pruritic keratotic papules and nodules, primarily on the extensor surface of the extremities and the trunk. The histologic features of our cases showed a crateriform invagination of the epidermis filled by a parakeratotic plug and basophilic cellular debris. The period of treatment for patients who suffered from severe (7 cases) or very severe (3 cases) on the pruritus intensity was longer than that of patients who had mild pruritus (2 cases). These data showed that scratching appear to play a critical part in the pathogenesis of APD.

Vernal keratoconjunctivitis in Thailand.

A prospective, cross-sectional and randomized cross-over study was conducted to study the clinical features and treatment outcome among Thai patients with vernal keratoconjunctivitis (VKC). History-taking and eye examinations were performed. Mild cases of VKC were given topical antihistamine four times daily. Moderate and severe cases of VKC were treated with topical lodoxamide four times a day. Severe cases of VKC were given topical corticosteroids. Moderate and severe cases of VKC, which were refractory to treatment with either corticosteroids or a mast cell stabilizer had topical cyclosporine 0.5% instilled four times daily. Five patients were exposed to two different treatment regimens in sequence. As main outcome measures, itching, foreign body sensation, photophobia, conjunctival injection, papillae and chemosis were evaluated weekly. The patients with the palpebral type of VKC had daily symptoms, which were more severe and triggered by house-dust with a significant difference among the groups. Limbal VKC was associated with allergic rhinitis more commonly than palpebral VKC. Positive results of skin prick testing to acacia, careless weed, mold, Johnson grass and cow's milk were significantly more common in patients with palpebral VKC. The most common symptoms and signs were found in the mixed type of VKC. Purulent discharge, pannus and lid erythema were found in the palpebral type. Levocabastine hydrochloride was sufficient for mild cases of limbal VKC; lodoxamide for the limbal and mixed types. Prednisolone acetate was the drug of choice in severe cases of any type but only for a short period of time. The success rate of topical cyclosporine in the palpebral type was lower than in the limbal type due to an intolerable burning sensation. Topical cyclosporine used in 4 patients with limbal and palpebral type had a success rate of 100% which was greater than in the lodoxamide group (66.7%, 0%). Compared with topical corticosteroid-treated eyes in one patient, the success rate in topical cyclosporine-treated eyes was not success. Grading the severity of each type of VKC is crucial to obtain good response of any medication and compliance. Topical cyclosporine 0.5% can be an alternative drug to relieve symptoms and signs of VKC in order to avoid steroid-induced glaucoma.

Pharmacological control of cough.

Cough constitutes an important medical problem in all ages. Although treatment of underlying pathologies, e.g., bronchial asthma, upper respiratory tract infection, etc. is well justified to cure cough, non-specific therapy in the form of a number of antitussive agents like, codeine, dextromethorphan, etc. is widely practiced to suppress it. Most of these agents are efficacious and well-tolerated. Nevertheless, CNS toxicities may occur in new-borns, especially those with immature metabolic profile. Some recent reports about interactions (involving hepatic cytochrome P450 enzymes) between dextromethorphan and other drugs are also noteworthy.

Loxoscelismo en pediatría: Región Metropolitana Chile / Loxoscelism in paediatrics: Región Metropolitana Chile

Loxoscelismo es el cuadro tóxico producido por veneno que arañas del género Loxosceles L. Iaeta, en Chile, inyectan en el momento de la mordedura. Puede presentarse en dos formas clínica: loxoscelismo cutáneo-visceral (LCV). El objetivo del presente trabajo es exponer y analizar los aspectos clínico-epidemiológicos de 56 casos pediátrico -38 LC y 18 LCV- atendidos en la Región Metropolitana. En los últimos 45 años se ha encontrado una mayor incidencia de ambas formas en primavera-verano, en dormitorios cuando el niño dormía o se estaba vistiendo, siendo las áreas cutáneas más frecuentemente afectadas las extremidades y cara, con sensación de lancetazo urente como síntoma inicial. Manifestaciones clínicas más frecuentes: dolor, edema y placa livedoide que derivó a escara necrótica. Manifestaciones clínicas del LCV fueron hematuria, hemoglobinuria, ictericia, fiebre y compromiso de conciencia; letalidad 22,2 por ciento. El LCV no tuvo relación con el sitio de mordedura, extensión de la lesión local ni época del año. Si el compromiso visceral no aparece en las primeras 24 h es muy probable que se trate de un LC cuyo pronóstico es bueno. Si el paciente con LCV ha sobrepasado las 48 h, sus posibilidades de recuperación son altas. El tratamiento fue parental: antihistamínicos o corticoides en LC y corticoides en LCV. Conclusiones: En esta serie se observa una predominancia en el sexo femenino, sin diferencias estacionales ni de edad. En su gran mayoría los casos se originaron en el domicilio, afectando en especial las extremidades. El LCV fue más frecuente en mujeres, y sus principales manifestaciones fueron la hematuria y hemoglobinuria, y la precocidad del diagnóstico y su manejo son factores fundamentales en el pronóstico

Un caso de anisakiosis en un adulto / An adult anisakiosis case

Un paciente de 38 años de edad con antecedentes de haber comido pescado crudo (mariscal) doce horas antes, presentó un severo dolor gástrico y eliminó por vía bucal una larva de nematodo de aproximadamente 20 mm de largo. La endoscopia mostró una leve gastritis, sin evidenciar la presencia de otras larvas o lesiones ulcerosas. El dolor desapareció totalmente a las dos semanas luego de un tratamiento con antihistamínicos y analgésicos